![]() A defect nearer top or bottom surface will have significant effect as compared to the same type of defect located nearer or on the neutral axis. In bending situation however defects will affect the strength differently depending upon their location. Only difference is if any defect is present in the specimen irrespective of its location it affects tensile strength in the same manner because uifom tensile stresses are produced across the whole cross section. In fact for ceramic materials tensile strength is obtained using 3 point bending set-up because tensile specimens for ceramic materials cannot be prepared. Hence when tested using tensile mode on a UTM we designate it as tensile strength and when tested on flexural loading set-up, we call it as flexural strength. Since the isotropic material fails in tensile portion the strength is nothing but its tensile strength. In isotropic materials, when the material fails, the corresponding load is taken for calculation of flexural strength. under bending tensile stresses are produced on the top layers zero stress at neutral axis and compressive stresses in layers below the neutral axis. 5.When a material is tested in flexure, i.e. 5.34 Temperature dependence of flexural strength (unreinforced PPS) 5.33 Temperature dependence of flexural modulus (elastomer improvement) 5.32 Temperature dependence of flexural strength (elastomer improvement) 5.31 Temperature dependence of flexural modulus (high-filler PPS) 5.30 Temperature dependence of flexural strength (high-filler PPS) 5.29 Temperature dependence of flexural modulus (GF-reinforced PPS) 5.28 Temperature dependence of flexural strength (GF-reinforced PPS) Thus, it is suitable for products requiring flex resistance and sealability, such as wire coatings, tube products, and gasket parts. On the other hand, the flexural modulus of the unreinforced elastomer improvement type (including A670T05) is low at and near room temperature, and exhibits excellent flexibility. For this reason, high-filler PPS grades that use cross-linked polymers (such as A310MX04) are well suited to applications that require a high elastic modulus in a high-temperature environment. The cross-linked polymer type is excellent in terms of retaining its elastic modulus at high temperatures. The flexural modulus increases with the reinforcement content. The basic tendency of the temperature dependence of the flexural strength is the same as that of the tensile strength. The temperature dependence of the flexural strength of nine representative grades of TORELINA is shown in Figs. 5.27 Flexural strength/S-S curve (23℃, elastomer improvement PPS) 5.26 Flexural strength/S-S curve (23℃, high-filler PPS) 5.25 Flexural strength/S-S curve (23℃, GF-reinforced PPS) 5.2 Flexural properties of TORELINA (23℃) A504X90 and A310MX03, which are both of the cross-linked polymer type, are notable in that they have a high elastic modulus relative to the linear polymer type. The S-S curves for six representative grades of TORELINA are shown in Figs. The vertical stress generated by this bending moment is called the "flexural strength." In the same way as for the tensile properties, the flexural modulus can be determined from the proportional limit of an S-S curve (flexural test) in accordance with Hooke's law (Formula 5.2). 5.24) In the 3-point flexural test where a vertical load is applied, the compression load associated with the deformation is generated on that side on which the test piece comes into contact with the indenter, whereas on the opposite side, a tensile load is generated, leading to a force (moment) that attempts to rotate the test piece. Flexural Testįlexural properties are determined using a simple-support, 3-point flexural test method, where the ends of the test piece are not fixed. TORELINA™ PPS Polymer Technical Information|Mechanical Properties|Flexural Properties Ⅰ.
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